Stem Cell: Source, Method And Application
●講師:李亦淇 助理教授(Lee, I-Chi)
●時間:102年10月7日(星期一) 14:10~15:40(1.5小時)
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活動名稱:組織工程與再生醫學之專題演講
活動日期:102.10.07
活動地點:新德惠大樓R405教室
報名方式:自由入席
課程簡述:
想認識人體幹細胞的發展嗎?或是可以應用在那些疾病上?在本次一個半小時內演講的內容,主要是在探討誘導性多功能幹細胞(IPSCs )和胚胎幹細胞(ESCs)的發展近況,並且了解未來在再生醫學上使用的展望。
歡迎有興趣的同學踴躍參加。
Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to be induced to differentiate into any of the hundreds of cell types in the human body, raising exciting new prospects for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. The potential to generate any specific cells from ESCs offers the possibility to establish new models of mammalian development and to create new sources of cells for regenerative medicine. Therefore, it is essential to understand the gold standard of the ESCs and to control ESC differentiation. The combination of somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology and ESCs bring the new hope to derive patient-specific ESC equivalents which may provide powerful new tools to evade the immune system, study basic disease mechanisms, and establish screens for drug discovery. However, despite their developmental potential, sources used to generate human ESC lines raise serious ethical concerns, which recently prompted efforts to reprogram somatic cells back to a pluripotent state. Pluripotent stem cells allow the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation and offer much hope for regenerative medicine.
Therefore, this lecture will summarize the recently development on IPS cells and ESCs. Furthermore, to compare several important complicating features of ESCs and iPS cells that may compromise their future use for therapies in regenerative medicine.
全身最有可能再生的器官為肝臟。
好萊塢電影有類似的題材,如:《索命條碼》、《絕地再生》。
從治療醫學→預防醫學(如:疫苗)→再生醫學(Stem cell therapy, Tissue Engineering)。
胚胎幹細胞受限少,相對於成體幹細胞。
非對稱性分裂:保有子代,且另外分化出有功能性的細胞,也稱為自我更新。
totipotent: 全效性,分開後可以各自產生完整個體,只有胚胎幹細胞做的到。現階段仍不可以人類為實驗對象,所以改用恆河猴。
pluripotent: 廣效性,已經無法成為個體,但仍然可分化任何種類的細胞。
multipotent: 最底層,如:血液幹細胞、間葉幹細胞(可分化成結締組織)。
懷孕未滿一週是為一的機會,只有分裂、尚未分化的狀態。
取自體外受精,各個國家規範都不相同,有的只能使用廢棄的受精卵,而反對最嚴重的是羅馬教廷。
結合複製羊的技術→治療性複製。
取囊胚,內部細胞團,屬於pluripotent,數量較totipotent多且被允許。外部細胞團則形成胎盤。
中胚層→血球、骨頭、肌腱。
外胚層→皮膚、神經。
內胚層→臟器。
所以,想得到兩百多種的分化種類,需要取自這胚層階段之前的細胞才行。
培養時,下面墊著細胞(纖維母細胞,MEF),才能養活,但無法控制其分化。(ES cell line)
Hydrophilic substrate, Polyelecrolyte multilayer, Supported lipid bilayer, Matrigel。
Characteristic of stem cell: 核值比高、邊界清晰。
2012年諾貝爾獎,IPS cells,Oct%, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf-4。
神經是最難治療,應用於帕金森氏症(Parkinson's Disease)、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer's disease)、癱瘓……。
分化性佳、形成畸胎、喀邁拉(Chimera)。
體細胞何轉移,Nuclear transfer。
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